A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA'S ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICIES WITH INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES

Abstract

Abstract: Environmental protection and sustainable development have emerged as critical priorities in global governance during the 21st century, particularly in the context of increasing climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion. India, as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, faces the complex challenge of achieving a balance between rapid economic development and environmental sustainability. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of India’s environmental laws and sustainable development policies, examining their scope, effectiveness, and alignment with international best practices, including global conventions, regulatory frameworks, and sustainability standards. It explores key legislations such as pollution control laws, biodiversity conservation measures, and climate policies, while also assessing India’s commitments under international agreements. The study highlights both strengths, such as a robust legal and constitutional framework, and persistent challenges, including weak enforcement, institutional inefficiencies, and limited public participation. The findings suggest that while India has made notable progress in aligning with global sustainability goals, greater emphasis is required on transparency, accountability, and effective policy integration to ensure long-term environmental protection and sustainable growth. Keywords: Environmental Laws, Sustainable Development, India, International Best Practices, Environmental Governance, Climate Change, Policy Analysis, Environmental Protection, Legal Framework, Sustainability