PERSONALIZED MEDICINE AND PHARMACOGENOMICS: A REVOLUTION IN DRUG THERAPY

Abstract

Personalized medicine and pharmacogenomics represent a transformative shift in drug therapy by tailoring treatments to an individual's genetic profile. This approach enhances drug efficacy, minimizes adverse effects, and optimizes patient outcomes. Advances in genomic sequencing, bioinformatics, and precision diagnostics have enabled the identification of genetic variations influencing drug metabolism, response, and toxicity. Pharmacogenomics plays a crucial role in various therapeutic areas, including oncology, cardiology, psychiatry, and infectious diseases. Despite its potential, challenges such as ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, and high implementation costs remain. This paper explores the impact of pharmacogenomics on modern healthcare, its applications, benefits, and the challenges that must be addressed to fully integrate personalized medicine into clinical practice. Keywords: Personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, precision medicine, drug therapy, genetic variations, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, biomarkers, genomics, precision diagnostics, healthcare innovation.