DESIGN & SIMULATION OF THE RF ENERGY EFFICIENT PROTOCOLS FOR MONOPOLE ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS DEVICES AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

Abstract

Monopole antennas are widely used in wireless communication systems due to their simple structure, omni-directional radiation pattern and wide impedance bandwidth. With the growing demand for wireless devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), there has been increasing interest in developing energy harvesting techniques to power these devices in a self-sustainable manner. Among different energy harvesting sources, radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is attractive as ambient RF signals are widely available from cellular, WiFi and other wireless networks. Monopole antennas, owing to their advantages, are promising candidates as RF energy harvesters. This paper provides an in-depth review of recent research on the design and simulation of RF energy efficient protocols and techniques applied to monopole antennas for RF energy harvesting. It focuses on antenna miniaturization techniques, substrate selection, defected ground structures, impedance matching networks and rectifier integration to improve energy harvesting efficiency. Design guidelines are provided based on parametric studies and simulation results from literature. Different techniques to reduce losses and enhance the harvested power are discussed. The paper also highlights potential future research directions to further improve the performance of monopole antennas for RF energy harvesting. It provides antenna researchers and designers a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in this emerging field. Keywords: RF Energy Efficient, Monopole Antenna, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Ambient RF signals.